Aluminum alloy, as a mature light and high strength alloy material, is widely used in aerospace
Aluminum alloy materials are generally used as structural materials, which have higher specific strength and better processability than steel. In the aerospace field,
aerospace aluminum alloy material with high strength, high toughness and strong corrosion resistance is mainly developed to meet the severe service conditions of aerospace. 2000 series and
7000 series aluminum alloys are mostly used. On the basis of high-strength aluminum alloys, the process and material formula are improved through powder metallurgy Innovative production processes such as spray forming, develop lightweight aluminum alloy materials with better performance, and carry out research on aluminum matrix composites and superplastic aluminum alloy materials. In the development and application of lightweight high-strength aluminum alloy, stress corrosion is the main problem in the whole application and development history of aluminum alloy. How to weaken or delay the stress corrosion of high-strength aluminum alloy in the process of application has become the main problem in the application process of aluminum alloy
Key challenges.
The main components of
2000 series aluminum alloy are mainly aluminum (AL), copper (Cu) and magnesium (mg), the main components of 7000 series aluminum alloy are al, zinc (Zn), Mg and Cu, and some high-performance (high strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance) aluminum alloy materials obtained by adding some special elements. At present, high-performance
aerospace aluminum alloy material is available
The main method is to change the melting and casting conditions. The 2000 series aluminum alloy mainly takes Cu as the main alloy element. The alloy prepared by adding an appropriate amount of Cu into the aluminum alloy material will have better improvement in strength, heat resistance and processing performance, but the corrosion resistance will be reduced, because the introduction of Cu will make the aluminum alloy more prone to intergranular corrosion, and the material constituent elements directly affect the performance of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, the 2000 series aluminum alloy is generally coated with pure aluminum or 6000 series aluminum alloy as the electrochemical protective film of the body aluminum alloy to improve its corrosion resistance. Later, scholars conducted a lot of research on the methods to improve the stress corrosion performance of different grades of aluminum alloys, which delayed the degree of stress corrosion of aluminum alloys to a certain extent. Aluminum alloy material is an important component material to ensure the safe flight of aircraft. The selection and performance prediction of aluminum alloy materials in different parts are directly related to the safety and reliability of aircraft. Predicting the failure of aviation aluminum alloy materials is directly related to life safety, which needs to be paid extensive attention.
Aerospace aluminum alloy material with excellent performance is mainly used in aerospace and military fields, because aerospace and military products have high requirements for weight reduction. Materials with high specific strength are the preferred materials for aerospace. Among aircraft aluminum materials, 7000 series high strength and high toughness aluminum alloy and 2000 series medium strength and high toughness aluminum alloy play an important role
The application of
aerospace aluminum alloy material on Boeing 747 airliner mainly uses
7075 t6 plate and 2024T3 materials; The main aluminum alloy grades used on Boeing 777 are
7055 t77,
7150 t77 and 2x24t3; The advanced aluminum alloy used on Airbus A380 is 7055 / 7449 /
7085 / 2024 / 6013 / 5076 and other alloys. The lower fuselage wall panel and upper fuselage wall panel are made of aluminum alloy, and most of the others are made of carbon fiber composites for weight reduction. Aluminum alloy materials mainly used in domestic large aircraft ARJ21
The material grades are mainly 2X24, 7050, 7175, 7075, etc. Whether in civil aircraft or military aircraft, the proportion of material structure is still mainly aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy still plays an irreplaceable role in material cost, process stability and comprehensive mechanical properties.
Aluminum alloy is widely used in launch vehicles in the aerospace field. The main brands are 7075, 20x4 and 2219. The engine device, main components, rotating table and remote control part are mainly aluminum alloy 7075. For example, the liquid oxygen tank is mainly 2219, and 20x4 is mainly used for satellite streamlined housing and temperature control valve components. In addition, the skeleton of manned aircraft is made of 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloys, because these two aluminum alloys have high strength, light weight and thin thickness. Aluminum alloy plates are also frequently used on these objects, such as protective plates, safety devices, thrusters, etc.
